How Copyright Law Was Established, And How The...

Nowadays, most of American institutions require the students to sign the plagiarism form before attending the class in order to prevent their students from taking somebody’s work without giving credits. I believe intellectual laws are as important as any other law because it defines the ethical aspect of the three core values of the United States of America liberty, freedom and democracy. Copyright law is an intellectual law that grants ownership to the author and protects the author from copyright infringement. This paper will discuss how copyright law was established, and how the establishment influences advertising. I begin by examining the history of copyright before it became a constitutional law. I will also explain why the copyright is protected under the First Amendment. After that, I will interpret some significant copyright acts that had been established since it first started, but my main focus will be on the role of ‘fair use’ in the Copyright Act of 1976, which set up the primary basis for the copyright laws in the United States. The investigation will demonstrate how ‘fair use’ relates to copyright matters in advertising, or â€Å"commercial speech†. The conclusion will emphasize the significance of ‘fair use’ in advertising. The copyright law in America originated in the fifteenth century after England introduced the use of the printing press. Due to the growth in the number of printing presses, the authorities began to seek the control of the publication ofShow MoreRelatedThe Problems Of Intellectual Property Rights2654 Words   |  11 Pagesmeasure what is the current state of the world’s counterfeit goods market, why people violate the IPR protection and produce counterfeit goods, what is the problem of IPR law enforcements and how violating law and producing counterfeit goods in China influence the world. Introduction Both economically and socially, influence of China is substantial. Economic and social status of China is firm that it can not be oversighted. However, intellectual property rights have been rising issues in ChinaRead Morenot available3379 Words   |  14 Pagesability to list products for potential buyers are _____ sites. a. Internet b. C2B c. B2C d. B2B REF: p. 281 32. In the B2B model, the customers are a. businesses. b. other consumers. c. franchisees. d. auction participants. REF: p. 278 34. 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We explore the key components of IMC, assess its value to marketers, and discuss how IMC can be applied in an international marketplace. We address the moral and ethical issues faced by marketers and look at the steps taken by governments and industry associations to regulate marketing practices. We finish the unit with a discussion of social responsibility and how and why marketers should engage in positive and socially responsible marketing activities. In this unit, youRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Business Operations Essay8112 Words   |  33 PagesUnion, Money gram, Post Shop et cetera. 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SWOT Analysis is instrumental in strategy formulation andRead MoreeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 PagesMore: ï  ® Use of the Internet to conduct commerce ï  ® deepening of e-commerce channel ï  ® Broadband and wireless Internet access ï  ® refined e-commerce business models (→ higher levels of profitability) But at societal level: continued conflict over copyrights, content regulation, taxation, privacy, and Internet fraud and abuse. E-commerce E-business E-commerce involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals → Digitally enabled transactions: allRead MoreAn Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property12472 Words   |  50 PagesAmerican Economic Association An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreForever: de Beers and U.S. Antitrust Law13035 Words   |  53 Pages9-700-082 DEBORA SPAR Forever: De Beers and U.S. Antitrust Law Educational material supplied by The Case Centre Copyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9I Order reference F267708 CoursePack code C-788-275379-STU â€Å"As a worldwide dealer in enchanting illusions, Disney has nothing on De Beers.† - The Economist1 In 1999, a series of spectacular advertisements adorned the bus-sides and billboards of major American cities. Set against a lush black background, the ads displayed a perfect setRead MoreStrategies of Enter to a New Market3004 Words   |  13 Pagesof ways. Each of these ways places its unique demands on the company in terms of organizational and financial resources. Most of the times, entering international markets is not a matter of choice but of necessity to remain competitive in new or established markets. Our paper is going to analyze the possibilities that a company has when entering a foreign market, decision that is very important and which involves market assessment and analysis. Key words: Uppsala Model, Birkinshaw Model, exporting

The Birth Control Movement Essay example - 1442 Words

The Progressive Era was a period of social and political reform beginning in the post Gilded Age 19th century and lasting through WWI. Industrial and urban growth of early 19th century America while representative of opportunity and future advancement simultaneously posed many difficulties for working class citizens. Prior concerns over the conditions of working class citizens were multiplied and magnified by overpopulated and impoverished urban communities. During this era many new Progressive agendas were introduced with the goal of reforming dated and unregulated policies, the most prominent of these, the birth control movement. The documents from chapter six of Constructing the American Past show that at its core, the birth control†¦show more content†¦In document three from The Case for Birth Control Sanger’s rhetoric changes, relying on facts, statistics, and knowledge based reasoning. Document three proves to be a much more reliable and comprehensive argum ent than document one. Sanger advocates small families for the working class as a means to eliminate poverty (due to large families), illegal abortions, child labor, and to protect the health of women â€Å"from overwork and the strain of too frequent child bearing† (6, 3,124) The argument shifts from a pseudo-socialist agenda to simply the right of a woman to control her own body and choose her own destiny. Following the release of The Woman Rebel, Anthony Comstock spearheaded an anti-birth control campaign with the aid of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, â€Å"vice† as Comstock described it â€Å"intemperance, gambling, and evil reading†(6,1,122). Document 2 is an interview with Comstock by Mary Alden Hopkins of Harper’s Weekly on the issue of birth control and the laws against its distribution and publication. Comstock approaches the birth control issue as a religious zealot, arguing that it is the moral and spiritual obligation of the peopl e to stray from â€Å"vice† and practice abstinence as the only means of family planning. Comstock’s conservative rhetoric appealed to the â€Å"Victorian† era principles of â€Å"self-control† and moral fortitude. Moreover, Comstock employs the ideology of â€Å"rule by fear,† byShow MoreRelatedBirth Control Movement : Margaret Sanger1980 Words   |  8 PagesThe birth control movement was created in early 20th century by Progressive and Socialist reformers like Margaret Sanger. She and other birth control activists would fight for women’s access to birth control through the 20th century which has gone on to affect American women today. In order to analyze the affect that birth control has had on America, it is necessary to look at the works of Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement of the progressive era. A good primary source with informationRead MoreMargaret Sanger And The Birth Control Movement Highlighted1187 Words   |   5 PagesMargaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement highlighted a variety of important issues. These issues include women’s right to make decisions privately versus the right of a community to regulate moral behavior; the ethnic demographics of the American people; the ability of women to control their own physical destinies by limiting family size; and the idea that small families were the way to keep the American dream alive. The debate over birth control spoke to personal and political issues, whichRead MoreThe African American Community and the Birth Control Movement921 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The African American Community and the Birth Control Movement (Order #A2087166) Racism has been a part of America for a very long time and one that has seeped into almost every part of American society. In fact, scientific studies and beliefs have, for a large part of the 20th century, been infused with an underlying racism that has tainted them. For instance, in the years from the 1880s to the mid 1940s, the African American fertility rate, or the rate at which African Americans were producingRead MoreMargaret Sanger s The First Birth Control Movement1288 Words   |  6 Pagesin a important way. Margaret Sanger was known for leading the birth control movement. She financed the research needed to develop â€Å"the pill†, an easy form of birth control that women could take themselves. She also founded the Planned Parenthood Federation Of America continuing her legacy of authoritative work to allow parenthood and birth control to be much easier. Margaret Sanger left a legacy of leading the birth control movement. Margaret Sanger was born on September 14th, 1879 to Anne PurcellRead MoreA Political Factor That Influenced Sanger s Birth Control Movement1223 Words   |  5 PagesA political factor that influenced Sanger during her birth control movement was the Comstock Laws. Comstock Laws were put in place by Anthony Comstock, a congressman who wanted to put a ban on spreading pornography through the U.S mail (Wardell, 1980, pg. 738). He soon broadened what the Comstock laws covered, to make it illegal to ship anything through the mail that had to do with contraceptives, even information. This was a constant battle for Sanger and she was arrested many times throughout herRead MoreMargaret Sanger, An American Nurse, Pioneered The Modern Birth Control Movement1159 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Sanger, an American nurse, pioneered the modern birth control movement in the United States. She began her movement in 1912, with the publication of information about women s reproductive concerns through magazine articles, pamphlets, and several books. In 1914, Margaret Sanger was charged with violating the Comstock Law, a federal legislation prohibiting the mailing of obscene material including information about birth control and contraceptive devices. Despite being imprisoned for herRead MoreMandated Coverage For Birth Control On Health Insurance Plans957 Words   |  4 Pages2014 there was a heated debate on whether there should be a mandated coverage for birth control on health insurance plans. According to a survey by the University of Michigan Health System, 69% of adults in the United States support this requirement in health insurance plans and the people who oppose this requirement is less than 10%. There have been other laws made by states recently that are affecting birth control and abortions. For example, a regulation implemented by the Iowa Board of MedicineRead MorePros And Cons Of Birth Control1442 Words   |  6 PagesEven though birth control issues remain as a controversial topic from the early 18th century to now, the debate between Margaret Sanger and Winter Russel on the pros and cons of providing information about birth control strategies for the public was a foundation stone for today’s family planning policies and regulation of transmission of venereal disease in the United States of America. It is important to note that although in 1920 information about birth control strategies were banned from reachingRead MoreEugenics and Planned Parenthood Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesMargaret Sanger’s feminist, contraceptive movement was not originally founded with this purpose. It was marketed as a way to control the population and be merciful to those yet to be born, again determined also by race and intelligence. The similarities in purpose actually brought the two organizations together to form a â€Å"liberating movement† to â€Å"aid women† known today as Planned Parenthood (Schweikart and Allen 529-532). The name may sound harmless, but the movement hid a darker purpose, to wean out theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Right To Ones Body By Margaret Sanger911 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed by biography.com, was â€Å"†¦ an early feminist and women’s rights activist who coined the term ‘birth control’ and worked towards its legalization† (â€Å"Margaret Sanger†). Margret was also responsible for the creation of the first planned parenthood center, and later was a founding member of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Margret most notably belonged to the birth control movement, as she was a nurse working with women who were directly affected by the lack of child care options

Database Free Essays

DBDC11D| Database concepts| Assignment 1| | Robyn Wright| 3/27/2013| | Contents Introduction2 Task 13 1. 1Definition of database management system3 1. 25 Advantages of database management system3 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Database or any similar topic only for you Order Now 33 Business functions database management system could do3 1. 45 database management system packages3 1. 510 Factors when choosing a database management system3 Task 25 2. 1Create a database if it does not yet exist5 2. 2Show if the database has been created5 2. 3Use a specific database5 2. 4Delete a database5 2. 5Create a table with columns5 2. Insert information into a table5 2. 7Extract certain information from a table6 Task 37 3. 1The eight stages of the database design process7 Conclusion9 Reference List10 Introduction A database is a group of information that is stored in a computerised way for easy access, organization and reupdating http://searchsqlserver. techtarget. com/definition/database (2013). Databases can be used in many different ways and in many different companies. In this assignment we see how a database can fit into a law firm. Task 1 1. 1Definition of database management system Software that allows a computer to perform database functions of storing, retrieving, adding, deleting and modifying data (Mike Chappel, 2012). 1. 25 Advantages of database management system 1. Minimized data inconsistency – In a properly designed database, the chance of finding inconsistency within the data becomes very slim. 2. Less redundancy – Inside the database, the data is only recorded in one part of the database. This reduces the amount of redundancies (or copies) of the data as well as save storage space http://navdeep19. blogspot. om/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of. html (2012). 3. Backup and Recovery Procedures – The data is backed up regularly to protect the data from being lost due to power failures, lightning etc. 4. Security – Will only allow people who are authorized to get access to the data as well as update and retrieve data. This minimizes the chance of data getting to people who are unauthorized access the data http://www. myr eadingroom. co. in/home/226. html (2013). 5. Sharing – If people have authorization, they can access the information from other locations. Database Management System and Data iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/database-management-system-and-data/embed/#?secret=Awj7HeG5ET" data-secret="Awj7HeG5ET" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Database Management System and Data#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Many people can have access to the same set of data at the same time. The data can also be shared between certain programs. 1. 33 Business functions database management system could do 1. Show upcoming court cases 2. Retrieve case files faster 3. Search through the information to locate specific information, ex, searching for similar case 1. 45 database management system packages 1. Microsoft SQL server 2. MySQL 3. Oracle 4. Sybase 5. IMB Informix 1. 510 Factors when choosing a database management system 1. The price of the database 2. The features comply with what is needed . Supported programming language 4. The scalability of the database 5. The transportability of the database 6. Can it contain the information I need to use it for 7. Does it work on the operating system used in the company 8. The platform and the database comply with each other 9. It performs well, is not known to have many, to no problems 10. Decide on the type of database that is needed Task 2 2. 1Create a data base if it does not yet exist Create database if not exists bransonclientdb; 2. 2Show if the database has been created SHOW DATABASES LIKE ‘bransonclientdb’; . 3Use a specific database USE bransonclientdb; 2. 4Delete a database DROP DATABASE bransonclientdb; 2. 5Create a table with columns CREATE TABLE client (clientNumber int(11) not null, clientLastName varchar(45) not null, clientFirstName varchar(45) not null, Title varchar(5) not null, TellephoneNum varchar(10) not null, CellNum varchar(10) not null, primary key (clientNumber)); 2. 6Insert information into a table INSERT INTO client VALUES (‘001’,’Boehm’,’Barry’,’Mr’,’0123456789’,’0831235657’); 2. 7Extract certain information from a table SELECT * FROM overdue WHERE OutstandingAmount 1200 ORDER BY clientFirstName; Task 3 3. 1The eight stages of the database design process Step 1: Purpose of the database This is where the information/ data for the database is found. We locate the information as well as decide on the database type, what database to use. We would use the following item to help in this step: Business rules (to understand what the table names could be). Example of information found in this step would be: using MySQL, the model structure, planning for the next steps Step 2: Data information This is the step where all the information is organized. We organize it into required information and not required, into names, surnames, ID number – this is to get column names for our tables. Note that nothing has been created yet. Example of information found in this step: client_ID; client_first_name; client_last_name. Step 3: Table sorting and structure This is the step where we begin to create a database. We start creating entities and table structures. This is the base, or foundation of the database, nothing can exist without it. Examples of what is found in it: a table named court_dates, or a table named client_lists Step 4: Columns and records In this step we input at the information into the tables. We firstly enter all the relevant fields or columns and then we enter the information into the relevant fields. What can be found: a table Step 5: Primary Keys This step, is where we, inside the table define which column will become the primary key for the table. Here is an example of a statement setting a primary key (red block) The primary key helps to identify rows Dr. Croft, N. (2013). An example of a primary key is: clinet_id Step 6: Relationships In this step, we define how tables are related to each other. If it is a one to one, one to many or a many to many. It is a way to define what data in one table is related to in other tables. Example would be a one to many. Step 7: Design Revisions We check for any design flaws in this step, add foreign keys and add adjustements to the design where needed. Example: Adding foreign keys Step 8: Normalization In the last and final step we check for errors in our tables, we make sure they are structured correctly and are removed of all redundant behaviour. Conclusion In this assignment I have learnt how to navigate the basics of MySQL. I learnt how to add information and select information from a database. I learnt about the reasoning behind creating a database and why it is a better choice than that of a paper based nature. Reference List Administrator (2013)Â  Advantages and disadvantages of DBMS. [online] Available at: http://www. myreadingroom. co. in/home/226. html [Accessed: 23 Mar 2013]. Dr. Croft, N. (2013)Â  Database Design Concepts. Johannesburg : CTI Education Group. Navdeep19. blogspot. om (2012)Â  Excellence: Advantages and Disadvantages of Database Management System (DBMS). [online] Available at: http://navdeep19. blogspot. com/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of. html [Accessed: 23 Mar 2013]. Chapple, M. (2012)Â  Database Management System. [online] Available at: http://databases. about. com/od/administration/g/dbms. htm [Accessed: 19 Feb 2013] Searchsqlserver. techtarget. com (2013)Â  What is database? – Definition from WhatIs. com. [online] Available at: http://searchsqlserver. techtarget. com/definition/database [Accessed: 26 Mar 2013] How to cite Database, Papers

FCC vs Pacifica Broadcasting Foundation Essay Example For Students

FCC vs Pacifica Broadcasting Foundation Essay FCC vsPacifica Broadcasting FoundationIn 1978 a radio station owned by Pacifica Foundation Broadcasting outof New York City was doing a program on contemporary attitudes toward the useof language. This broadcast occurred on a mid-afternoon weekday. Immediatelybefore the broadcast the station announced a disclaimer telling listeners thatthe program would include sensitive language which might be regarded asoffensive to some.(Gunther, 1991) As a part of the program the stationdecided to air a 12 minute monologue called Filthy Words bycomedian George Carlin. The introduction of Carlins routineconsisted of, according to Carlin, words you couldnt say on the publicair waves.(Carlin, 1977) The introduction to Carlins monologue listedthose words and repeated them in a variety of colloquialisms: I was thinkingabout the curse words and the swear words, the cuss words and the words thatyou cant say, that youre not supposed to say all the time. I was thinking onenight about the words you couldnt say on the public, ah, airwaves, um, theones you definitely wouldnt say, ever. Bastard you can say, and hell and damnso I have to figure out which ones you couldnt and ever and it came down toseven but the list is open to amendment, and in fact, has been changed, uh, bynow. The original seven words were shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker,motherfucker, and tits. Those are the ones that will curve your spine, growhair on your hands and maybe, even bring us, God help us, peace without honor,and a bourbon. (Carlin, 1977) A man driving with his young son heard this broadcast and reported itto the Federal Communications Commission FCC. This broadcast of CarlinsFilthy Words monologue caused one of the greatest and mostcontroversial cases in the history of broadcasting: The FCC v. PacificaFoundation. The outcome of this case has had a lasting effect on what we hear onthe radio. This landmark case gave the FCC the power to regulate radiobroadcasts that are indecent but not obscene. (Gunther , 1991) What doesthat mean, exactly? According to the government it means that the FCC can onlyregulate broadcasts. They cannot censor broadcasts, meaning, the FCC has thepower to determine what is offensive in the matters of speech. Before this case occurred there were certain laws already in place thatprohibited obscenity over radio. One of these laws was the law ofnuisance. This law generally speaks to channeling behavior morethan actually prohibiting it.(Simones, 1995) The law in essence meantthat certain words depicting a sexual nature were limited to certain times ofthe day when children would not likely be exposed. There were no specific laws or surveillance by regulatory groups toassure that indecent and obscene material would not be broadcast. Broadcasterswere trusted to regulate themselves and what they broadcast suitable andcompliant material over the airwaves. Therefore, when the case of the FCC vs. Pacifica made its way to the Supreme Court it was a dangerous and controversialdecision for the Supreme Court to make. The ultimate question came down to,could the government regulate the freedom of speech? Carlins monologue was speech according to the first amendment. (Simones, 1995) Because of this, Pacifica argued, the first amendmentprohibits all governmental regulation that depends on the content ofspeech.(Gunther, 1991) However there is no such absolute rulemandated by the constitution, according to the Supreme Court.(Gunther, 1991). Leaving the question of whether a broadcast of patently offensive wordsdealing with sex and excretion may be regulated because of its content. Thefact that society may find speech offensive is not a sufficient reason forsuppressing it.(Gunther, 1991) The Supreme Court deemed that Carlinswords offend for the same reasons that obscenity offends. They also statethese words, even though they had no literary meaning or value, werestill protected by the first amendment.(Gunther, 1991) So, what does this mean to the American public? This decision gave ourgovernment the power to regulate, whereas it did not before. Broadcasting, outof all forms of communication, has received the most limited protection of thefirst amendment. There are two main reasons why. First, the broadcastmedia have established a uniquely pervasive presence in the lives of allAmericans.(Gunther, 1991) Airwaves not only confront the public but alsothe individual citizen. They can come into our homes uninvited or, you neve rknow what to expect when they are invited in. In this case the Court decided,because the broadcast audience is